Mostly by requiring analysis and synthesis rather than memorization.
It's been some years for me so things might have changed, but no tech was allowed into the exam rooms, except for calculators in some subjects. Everything was done by pen and paper.
Whatever its other merits or demerits, reinstating the draft would cut back on needless wars. Abandoning the draft is what ended the anti-war movement, and to reinstate it would be to revive those protests. For this reason, if nothing else, it probably won't be reinstated.
What this has to do with the argument Palantir is apparently making, I have no idea. I can't make any sense of it.