How Learning Works: https://www.amazon.com/How-Learning-Works-Research-Based-Pri...

I also enjoyed https://www.amazon.com/Start-Story-Teaching-Journals-Collect...

(Caveat: not a professor, but that's the target audience for both books.)

The Essential 55: An Award-Winning Educator's Rules for Discovering the Successful Student in Every Child

For University culture, The University: An Owner's Manual by Henry Rosovsky.

For teaching, McKeachie's Teaching Tips by Wilbert McKeachie.

For when you get assigned a course that is outside your confort zone, Teaching What You Don't Know by Therese Huston.

There are many great books; some universities have their own curated lists. Here's Stanford's: https://teachingcommons.stanford.edu/resources/teaching/plan...

Plato - Republic.