It doesn't make sense to use off-the-shelf graphics cards. They're not designed for the environment of cars, and aren't made to have that reliability. The medium older Tesla Autopilot uses Nvidia platform meant for self-driving. The newer Autopilot uses Tesla-designed SoCs that have fancy neural network accelerators.
Everything important in cars needs to be high-reliability. Between that, the form factor, added redundant cost, and the reduced integration of having a separate PCIe card instead of something integrated in an SoC, it doesn't make sense to use a graphics card.
By the way, doesn't Tesla use GPU cards in their cars for the autopilot functionality?