This is only throughput. The latency is given by the speed of light in the fibre (~c/1.5). That said Microsoft bought a company that develops hollow core fibre which yields a factor 1.5 improvement in latency. They just presented their latest results which is a 0.11 dB/km loss. This is actually the biggest result from the conference, because it is a massive improvement over regular fibre which has been hovering at about 0.15 dB/km loss for the last 40 years, with improvements below 1% over that time.
I’m not so sure it will matter much. The earth is 42ms across at light speed, 66ms if traversing a great circle.
Network hops are notoriously slow. In the datacenter the best I have ever seen is 200ns or so per packet which is very rare, most in DC hops are closer to 3-9 usec (especially modular chassis); then you hit the routers. With moderate congestion your routing hops are going to be twice that or more ignoring queuing, and you are likely six hops at least between two points in each direction.
The hollow core stuff mostly will jot help since it gains with distance, but distance means more hops on average, so we are talking about an application where low latency is required but distances are high (where the improvement applies) but the minimum latency achievable is still tens of ms.
It is interesting technology but I think it’s more interesting for hypothetical materials savings than for latency improvement.
