No. But I've used it for Pico-8 development. I had to write a tool that turned it into mygame.tl into a mygame.p8 cart on save though.

I tried to use Teal before and had some issues even getting it to compile ... but the Lua language server actually has pretty good type checking.

Another option is https://typescripttolua.github.io/

No, but Luau (which is more of a fork) from the Roblox studio is seeing growing adoption. Notably, it was used for Alan Wake 2.